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   Forming tools
 
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Numerical simulation gains growing importance in manufacturing of sheet metal forming tools. Good results have been achieved recently with commercially available simulation software for the prediction of strain distribution and wrinkling during forming. However, no satisfactory prediction of the elastic springback could be made. The improved material models available at IWM offer significant improvement of the simulation results. The formability limits do strongly depend on the triaxiality of the stress state and are currently described with the help of Forming Limit Diagrams, FLD. Determination of the material properties requires expensive tests. The application of an extended Gurson damage model based on the work of Gologanou et al. helps to overcome these problems.
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